Salvadoran President Nayib Bukele has unveiled a plan that could allow the conditional early release of up to half of those detained under a state of emergency that authorities used to arrest more than 90,000 people in the past four and a half years as part of an effort to curb violent criminal gang activity.

Bukele's plan to cut the prison population was announced on Tuesday night. It would focus on freeing prisoners who were deemed gang collaborators, a broad term that can include various people, including gang lookouts and those who make extortion payments.

"There are many people who have indeed committed crimes, but their crime was collaborating with gangs," Bukele said. "They deserve to be in jail, but we come from a country where collaborating with gangs wasn’t so unusual, and if we were to arrest everyone who collaborated with gangs, we would have to arrest 20% of the population."

Without offering details, the president indicated that authorities plan to analyze cases to determine potential early release with monitoring, which could apply to half of the people detained during the state of emergency.

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The state of emergency was declared in March 2022 after a surge in violence left more than 60 people dead in a single day. The measure was initially imposed for 30 days but has been repeatedly extended.

The emergency declaration has coincided with a dramatic decline in the country's homicide rate and helped make El Salvador a more appealing tourist destination while also suspending or restricting certain constitutional protections, including the right to be informed of the reasons for detention, the right to access legal counsel and the right to visitation.

El Salvador's president has maintained that the measure was needed to rein in rival gangs MS-13 and Barrio 18.

Human rights groups, meanwhile, have denounced the declared emergency, arguing that it has sparked widespread arbitrary arrests. The groups have repeatedly demanded that Bukele scrap the measure.

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Human rights organizations have recorded more than 6,000 complaints during the emergency declaration and documented the deaths of at least 575 people in government custody.

The potential release of thousands of prisoners, some argue, is not enough to repair the damage of their prolonged imprisonment.

"The victims of arbitrary detentions don’t just deserve to recover their freedom, but they also deserve to be compensated for the harms caused by the State of El Salvador: the physical and mental harm that imprisonment causes, family suffering, loss of work or studies, reputational damage, among others," exiled Salvadoran lawyer Bertha Deleón wrote on X.

Bukele dismissed widespread criticism from national and international human rights groups, suggesting that they should take the side of the victims of gang violence.

The president also defended the need to keep the state of emergency while also indicating his goal of ending it eventually.

El Salvador's homicide rate has fallen dramatically over the past decade, including during Bukele's presidency, according to government figures. The rate dropped from a peak of more than 100 murders per 100,000 residents in 2015, four years before Bukele took office, to 1.3 per 100,000 in 2025.

But the government has narrowed the definition of homicide to exclude killings by police, murders in prisons and bodies found in unmarked graves.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.