An unholy alliance is being blamed for instigating the violence seen across France as experts point to a bond between extreme left and radical Islamic groups.

What began as protests over school conditions and funding is entering its third week, and the factors behind the widespread, more violent protests are being debated.

"The protests started in an apparently spontaneous way in the disadvantaged, immigrant suburbs of Paris," Nathalie Szerman, researcher in radicalization and extremism in France at MEMRI, told Fox News Digital, but "it quickly became clear that the violence demonstrated in these protests conveyed a huge amount of hate towards the ‘system’ and not much concern for better material conditions in schools, as dozens of schools across France have suffered vandalism and blockades, and many were even set on fire."

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Szerman said that while demonstrations over school conditions at the beginning of an academic year in France "is not a new phenomenon," the "scope of these demonstrations and their character should raise concerns." She points to protestors taking to the streets carrying Palestinian flags. "Pro-Palestinian organizations, such as Urgence Palestine, have declared the month of October to be a month of revolt, and these groups are supporting and fueling these demonstrations."

"The French are notorious for strikes, labor shortages and street demonstrations," former U.S. Assistant Attorney General Theo Wold told Fox News Digital, and added that these protests are "a consequence of mass immigration. The rioters are not of French culture, and they don’t respect the rule of law … France is learning that importing an underclass of foreigners causes broader societal damage."

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Nile Gardiner, director of The Heritage Foundation's Margaret Thatcher Center for Freedom, told Fox News’ Outnumbered on Tuesday, "I think at the very heart of this, is the far-left and the Islamists combining forces to undermine France itself … This is a form of uprising, frankly, by far left wing forces together with second, third generation migrants. And also, at the same time, France is in real economic trouble."

Simone Rodan-Benzaquen, senior envoy to Europe at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies, told Fox News Digital that, "Students have reason to be angry about overcrowded classrooms and absent teachers." She added: "What does Gaza have to do with a shortage of teachers in France? I’ll tell you what: [the far-left La France Insoumise party] has spent years making hostility to Israel a central part of its appeal to young voters. Bringing that cause into the school protests helps fuel the racial dynamics and turn a demand for better classrooms into a much broader confrontation with the government," she said.

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"LFI is the perfect embodiment of the Red-Green alliance – the alliance between leftists and Islamists," added Szerman. "LFI rallies Islamist and pro-Palestinian groups on the one hand, and other French anti-system leftists who accuse the elite of enriching itself at the expense of the poor on the other. It is a revolutionary party using Islam as an inner drive. Politicized Muslims are aware of this and are also using LFI to promote their own agenda.

"They are fueling and empowering each other, the common ground being the claim that they are the people," Szerman continued. "The people are seen as the enemy of the ‘elite’ running the country, which therefore has to be overthrown."

Rodan-Benzaquen said, "French students need their teachers to show up to class, and their parents need to know they will be safe at school. But [LFI leader Jean-Luc Mélenchon] is not interested in these goals." She says he is "encouraging the citizens to see their schools as a front in a larger political battle, one whose real prize is the presidency."

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French President Emmanuel Macron is term-limited and cannot run for a third consecutive term in elections this coming spring. Many observers believe a runoff match-up between the far-left Mélenchon and right-wing populist Marine Le Pen of the National Rally party could be on the horizon.

"No matter how the protests play out, Mélenchon will likely benefit," said Rodan-Benzaquen. "If the unrest drives voters toward the far right, he can hope to emerge as the leader of the opposition. If he succeeds in mobilizing enough voters himself, he could reach the presidency. Either prospect gives him a reason to keep the confrontation going. Neither gives him much incentive to lower the temperature."

"I do not think that the LFI leadership made a conscious decision to trigger destructive demonstrations all over France," added Szerman, "but once the movement was launched, LFI did provide a backbone for the violence, as it will never blame any of its followers."

FRANCE EXPLODES AGAIN AS STUDENTS RIOT OVER EDUCATION

So far, the protests have not spread across the continent even as spending on education seems close between countries.

According to the latest available figures from Eurostat, the European Union’s official statistical office, in 2024 France spent over 5% of its GDP on education, more than it spent on defense. In that same year, neighboring Germany spent only 4.5% of its GDP on education.

In Macron’s latest proposed budget, about $74 billion is earmarked for French schools, more than proposed for defense, but both are cuts from the last official budget narrowly approved by Parliament over the winter. Germany’s Federal Statistical Office reports spending on education was up to 7% of GDP at over $340 billion when including federal, state and local government spending. Meanwhile, in the U.K., Department for Education spending for the 2025/26 school year was estimated at around $142 billion.

When comparing the latest figures for expenditures per student, France’s ministry of education says in the 2024/25 school year, it spent $9,950 per student, Germany’s Federal Statistical Office says $12,000 was spent per student in 2025, and the U.K. spent about $10,100 per student in 2024/25. Meanwhile, the Organization for European Economic Co-operation says the Europe-wide average is around $12,000 per student per year.

Some 500 high schools are closed in France on Wednesday, down from 891 on Tuesday. The schools have been ordered by the ministry of education to replace normal lessons through Friday with structured dialogue and staff crisis management meetings in an effort to calm tensions, to avoid confrontations at school gates and to give staff time to reorganize.

The Associated Press reports more than 6,100 people have been arrested since the protests began, with the Interior Ministry saying 715 police officers have been injured.